> what does late binding by you? Some things that come to mind: - Abstract classes/methods, and interfaces. This is implemented using vtables in C++. - Abili

> what does late binding by you? Some things that come to mind: - Abstract classes/methods, and interfaces. This is implemented using vtables in C++. - Ability to send messages asynchronously, or to other computers, without exposing the details of such things. You just call a method in another class and let your dispatcher handle it. There was a whole industry built around this concept in the 90s: CORBA, DCOM, SOAP. And Erlang, of course, in a different way. - Ability to change the class/object during runtime. Like you can with Javascript and Lua, calling `object.method = `. Javascript was inspired by Self (a dialect of Smalltalk), so there's that lineage. Other languages like Python and Ruby allow it too. - Ability to use the message passing mechanism to capture messages and answer them. Similar to Ruby's "method_missing" and ES6 Proxies in Javascript. This is super useful for DSLs and a great abstraction to work with. Check this out: http://npmjs.com/package/domz http://npmjs.com/package/domz Remember that you can have some of those things without dynamic typing (Objective-C).