Cobalt is not a critical metal for all lithium-ion cells, only for maximum energy density lithium-ion cells. If you're willing to sacrifice energy density you c

Cobalt is not a critical metal for all lithium-ion cells, only for maximum energy density lithium-ion cells. If you're willing to sacrifice energy density you can use lithium iron phosphate instead, which is also safer and more durable. BYD Auto, the Chinese company behind the great success of electric buses in China (preventing more CO2 emissions than electric cars) uses lithium iron phosphate.