A friend of mine's grandparents retired quite comfortably after selling the Chinese food restaurant they ran for many years. They were farmers in China but aft

A friend of mine's grandparents retired quite comfortably after selling the Chinese food restaurant they ran for many years. They were farmers in China but after the second time an invading army took everything they decided not to stick around for the third strike. They showed up in a dying rust belt city without the ability to read and write English, say nothing of cultural differences and they did just fine. The point of this anecdote is to point out what we often take for granted. Even if a sizable minority of Americans are subject to systemic racism native born Americans at least have the ability to transact business in English which gives them a pretty good head start and I think that on average that more than make up for a systemic disadvantage applied to a fraction of the population.