The operative word here is managed runtime. Jvm wants to completely own your program, heart and soul. You can also write freestanding code in c (and rust, d,

The operative word here is managed runtime. Jvm wants to completely own your program, heart and soul. You can also write freestanding code in c (and rust, d, zig I assume although I don't know enough about it). I believe there is a dialect of c# that allows you to write freestanding code, but it's not really c# so much as c#-flavoured c with some extra features, so it's inferior to other c alternatives. As for type safe system languages, ada?