Another factor is that the rapid population growth combined with subsidised oil prices means their own population uses a large and increasing amount of its own

Another factor is that the rapid population growth combined with subsidised oil prices means their own population uses a large and increasing amount of its own production - around 1/4 of total production is already consumed domestically, some even burned to generate electricity. That ratio is likely to keep rising with population growth and resistance to any attempts to reduce subsidies, so even if production remains flat, exports will decline. This chart is a few years old already but shows over 3m barrels/day being consumed internally by 2014, must be significantly higher by now: https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Saudi-Arabia/oil_consumption/ https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Saudi-Arabia/oil_consumptio...