If you _really_ don't know what type of data you have, you type it as `mixed`. But if you _do_ know the shape of your data, you write your own types, and tell t

If you _really_ don't know what type of data you have, you type it as `mixed`. But if you _do_ know the shape of your data, you write your own types, and tell the library about those types (eg; with generics). Think like `my_df: DataFrame<MyDataShape> = pandas.DataFrame(my_data)` where you manually define the shape of `MyDataShape`. Scala is a language that is often used for data processing, and is statically typed. Depending on the situation, codegen can also be useful in these situations, eg; https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm https://github.com/typeorm/typeorm EDIT: in any case, this certainly answers my question :-) sounds like they're not there yet, and perhaps not even moving in that direction yet.