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PostgreSQL DBaaS vendor comparison and calculator

116 points by barnabask 8y ago

bernardv 8y ago
You might want to include www.elephantsql.com as well. They provide a level of support big cloud providers don’t.
- zafiro17 8y ago
  A second vote for elephant - In my experience they recognize they're smaller and have to deliver more hands-on support, and they do. I use their smallest, hobbyist tier and it's been totally free. I wrote them to suggest a greater variety of smallish but paid service tiers, and those exist now too. I've had a good experience.
- barnabask 8y ago
  Good suggestion, I'll work on it, thanks! I'm trying to keep the comparison apples-to-apples, and I believe only their dedicated instances ($50 and up) provide the PostGIS extension. That's kind of a requirement for the projects I'm interested in, and it seems like a strange omission. https://www.elephantsql.com/docs/faq.html#postGIS https://www.elephantsql.com/docs/faq.html#postGIS Edit: just added ElephantSQL, the update should be out in a few minutes.
- ngrilly 8y ago
  Didn't know about them! The pricing is great for hobby projects, with a free plan and a $5 plan (a lot less than the $200 mentioned in the article…).
- trpc 8y ago
  thanks, never heard of this before
ngrilly 8y ago
Interesting post. But there other things to consider in addition to the price, like the supported versions of PostgreSQL, the supported PostgreSQL extensions, and service availability during automatic updates. To illustrate my comment, I like the Google Cloud ecosystem, but Google Cloud SQL doesn't support PostgreSQL 10 and 11, and when using a single node, there is a downtime during automatic updates. DigitalOcean Managed Databases are more recent but, according to their documentation, these "issues" are solved.
- brightball 8y ago
  Agreed. I really like a lot of the GCP experience, but Cloud SQL definitely feels like this service they just added and forgot about. There are a lot of factors that impact how you select a cloud provider, but database offerings are always very high on the list. Amazon clearly gets it. Digital Ocean became legitimate when they added one finally. Google had other offerings in the DB space that are compelling but their PG offering needs a lot of work. I was really hoping they would be the company that purchased Citus.
EmilStenstrom 8y ago
Strange bug: If I increase the Memory in the calculator to 2 GB, and then down to 1 Gb again, the AWS cost is stuck at $50.
- tyingq 8y ago
  Offtopic, but as someone who hasn't done a lot of JS recently, debugging something like this looks like a terrible job. I assume the non-sensible function/object names are the result of some kind of packer? Do modern JS folks have to recreate this sort of thing in a pre-packed environment to track it down more easily?
  - cdmckay 8y ago
    You can use source maps to debug it
  - andrenotgiant 8y ago
    The author published all the content and code on gitlab, here is the logic for the pricing calculator: https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/blob/master/docs/.vuepress/components/DbaasCalculator.vue https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/blob/master/d...
    - tyingq 8y ago
      Ah, thanks. And the fix was: https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/commit/f7fedea54a3be8046df8d7e753cfb7f69fc870b9#289a33df87be2b903369ee3b4c88a22d9fc4a920_121_138 https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/commit/f7fede...
  - deleted 8y ago
    [deleted]
- barnabask 8y ago
  Fixed that just now, thank you!
lincolnq 8y ago
Do any of these services provide point-in-time backup recovery? It is very easy to implement with WAL archiving on my own deployment but I haven’t found any hosted services who do it.
- cdmckay 8y ago
  I believe RDS supports this: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_PIT.html https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_...
  - adrianmsmith 8y ago
    Can confirm that RDS does and I've used it and it works.
- scraplab 8y ago
  Heroku does. The $50 standard-0 plan has 4 days of rollback available.
- TurningCanadian 8y ago
  Google cloud has MySQL PITR https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/backup-recovery/restoring#pitr https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/backup-recovery/rest... Oddly seems missing from their PostgreSQL offering though, which is also several versions behind. https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/71565188#comment73 https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/71565188#comment73 mentions Aiven, which looks good to me..
  - theptip 8y ago
    I've been staying off Google's postgres offering for this reason; am I missing something about Postgres replication methods, or is this a massive hole in their offering?
- tda 8y ago
  Azure does, 35 days PITR andI beleive you only pay for the storage costs. Recovery is only on a database server level (not an individual database), and works by creating a new instance (the original instance is left as is) that is set to the state at the desired point in time.
nubela 8y ago
What about MySQL?
davb 8y ago
I recently used Digital Ocean managed PostgreSQL 11 and was pleasantly surprised. Having used Amazon RDS in the past, I found DO's offering to be simpler and faster to provision. I did have an issue whereby the password they showed for a newly created user (on the Web UI) didn't work and I had to reset the password to generate a new one, but otherwise it was pretty reliable. The documentation could do with some expansion (the cluster has some default roles that DO create but these don't seem to be documented anywhere) and it would be great to see wider extension support (I considered trialling pgaudit but it wasn't supported). Overall we were really pleased. We're a small team without a dedicated DBA at this point, so outsourcing management of our database infrastructure was a no brainer. I was more keen on managed vanilla PostgreSQL than something like Aurora (where the implementation could stray enough from the origin that it would more difficult to migrate away should we have the need).
- scarface74 8y ago
  Really? The lock in boogeyman... If you’re using standard Postgres and reading the standard Postgres documentation, how would you even know about any Amazon extensions? Does DO give you data storage across three availability zones? Point in time backups? Autoscaling synchronous read replicas?
  - davb 8y ago
    I'm not sure if DO's offering has the feature parity you need, but it works really well for us, at our scale. Having done many migrations between technologies over the years, I think it's prudent to have some level of skepticism when it comes to "forked but compatible" systems. I don't consider proprietary lock in to be a boogeyman. That's not to say all proprietary technologies are bad (they're not! We use them mix of proprietary and open tech) but having an escape hatch is one of our criteria for adopting closed tech. Especially cloud services where prices aren't fixed and are subject to future increase.
    - scarface74 8y ago
      If you are interacting with the database using the standard Postgres drivers using the standard Postgres syntax why does it matter what’s going on under the hood?
Graphguy 8y ago
IBM has a relatively new managed PG offering with mutually exclusive scaling of Disk and RAM. Neat feature to not have to rely on instance sizing, https://cloud.ibm.com/catalog/services/databases-for-postgresql https://cloud.ibm.com/catalog/services/databases-for-postgre.... disclosure: I work @ IBM.
- barnabask 8y ago
  Thanks Graphguy, I didn't know about that. I'll check it out. Finding out about other options was part of my motivation of putting this out in the world.
  - Graphguy 8y ago
    NP - I can submit a PR to your work tomorrow? Seems like a useful tool for surveying the growing PG-aaS space!
paulmendoza 8y ago
If you commit to RDS for 3 years you can go the server for 60% off which changes the math a lot.
- barnabask 8y ago
  I totally agree. But, I wrestled with putting the AWS numbers at the 1-year commitment level when none of the other vendors have that requirement. In the end I decided that was the level of commitment I'd put toward a side-project.
  - bdcravens 8y ago
    I think 1 year is reasonable. AWS upgrades often enough that it makes sense to not lock yourself out of those performance increases.
samcheng 8y ago
In my opinion, for DBaaS, number of cores, amount of RAM, and even I/O performance for the buck are secondary considerations. After all, for any non-hobby application, the data are significantly more valuable than the hosting costs. I would be more interested in a comparison of security features, backup infrastructure, replication tooling, failover procedures, version upgrades, etc.
- massaman_yams 8y ago
  Definitely. I'd also look at pg version support (GCP is still on 9.6) and extension support.
gingerlime 8y ago
Wanted to also mention aiven.io. We use them for a while now and we’re very happy. Prompt and knowledgeable support and friendly service. They can deploy on pretty much any cloud and even migrate between them (I think). Not affiliated in any way. Just a happy customer.
- jonathanoliver 8y ago
  Aiven has been pretty cool for me to quickly set up clusters of things like Kafka or Postgres among others to do various tests with. I have really enjoyed them.
parzivalm 8y ago
I find it interesting how the author mentions $200/month for a side project. Makes you think, everyone's side project budget is pretty different.
- barnabask 8y ago
  For a hobby project that I wouldn't expect to monetize, $200 is too much, I totally agree. For a side project that makes some passive income however, I would hope to start out under $50 and scale up as needed.
bgentry 8y ago
Do these estimates account for some amount of I/O costs? For example with Heroku Postgres the instances use provisioned IOPS which is bundled into the cost, but if you’re running on RDS your cost may vary considerably depending on actual usage or whether you provision the same amount of IOPS.
- barnabask 8y ago
  The calculator doesn't factor in IOPS, and that's good to know, thanks. I just wanted a blunt tool to get a feel for these vendors' price points at least using the common denominators of memory, CPU, and storage. I could be wrong.
bdcravens 8y ago
Why stop at 500GB storage?
- tda 8y ago
  Interesting also that for all providers except azure storage can only scale together with cpu/ram. Never understood why that is.
  - bdcravens 8y ago
    Are you talking about this tool, or the cloud providers? AWS RDS lets you pick storage size independent of the compute resources.
durkie 8y ago
Thanks for making this! I've got a PostGIS app that is starting to groan a bit with a Heroku Standard-0 database and I've been trying to weigh my options for next step.
ezekg 8y ago
Heroku’s missing Standard 1 has always annoyed me, but it did save me the migration effort moving from Standard 0 to Standard 2 right away, instead of waiting a little longer before needing to upgrade yet again.
aantix 8y ago
With all of these offerings, I really hate that it’s 2019 and I’m still having to choose cores and ram and storage. I really just want a no-brainer solution that horizontally and vertically scales whenever needed.
- barnabask 8y ago
  I wonder if Amazon Aurora is what you’re looking for: https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/ https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/ Does anyone have any real world experience with this, in comparison to these more traditional DBaaS offerings? Not sure if it’s a practical contender at a smaller scale.
  - scarface74 8y ago
    Serverless Aurora is dirt cheap for low usage scenarios. https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/serverless/ https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/serverless/
nknealk 8y ago
Comparing AWS T type instances isn't necessarily a 1:1 with some of the other offerings which have dedicated CPUs https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/t3/ https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/t3/
xenator 8y ago
Moved all values to maximum and got exactly my current Hetzner configuration: 8 cores, 32 Gb RAM and 500 Gb storage. I have around 500 Gb of data, but real storage is about 3Tb. Difference is that minimum price on DO is $480 per month. I pay 30 euros, and some more for backup storage.
- vbsteven 8y ago
  Can you tell me something about how you manage backups or point me to any guides used for setting this up? I use the same Hetzner setup for some small side projects and my backup strategy here is just a daily pg_dump and archive on S3. For larger projects I usually run Amazon RDS and don’t worry too much about backups.
  - xenator 8y ago
    It is not very different from yours. Since all data can be easily redownloaded and processed again I really care only about code. Which is managed by Gitlab on a different machine and use internal Gitlab tool for backups.
devit 8y ago
Why not just install PostgreSQL with apt on your server and use that? Or if you need HA use Kubernetes and deploy the Stolon helm chart.
- matthewmacleod 8y ago
  Because I don’t know what a “stolon helm chart” is, other than possibly some kind of Norse relic, and in the amount of time it will take me to find out I can have an easily-scalable, reliable, secure database in place using something like RDS. Sometimes—if you have the skill, knowledge, and resources—it will make sense to run your own HA database cluster, with a good backup system, automatic failover, and all the rest of the nice things you want. Other times, it would be more expensive and less reliable to set up and maintain that infrastructure versus a third-party service. There is no “one size fits all” solution to this sort of problem.
skyde 8y ago
Vey interesting but again will the same amount of core and memory result in the same amount of transaction per seconds? How can we easily know what is the optimal number of CPU core and Memory needed to achieve X Transaction per seconds ? I know benefit of memory depend on cache hit rate, or how large is your working set. But assuming 100% cache hit rate how many core do you really need ?
- oskari 8y ago
  Will the same amount of cores result in the same tps? No. I gave a talk on this subject at PostgresConf NYC a couple weeks ago, my slides are here: https://postgresconf.org/conferences/2019/program/proposals/transactions-per-dollar-postgresql-in-virtual-and-bare-metal-clouds https://postgresconf.org/conferences/2019/program/proposals/... I'll follow up with a blog post in the near future.

116 points by barnabask 8y ago

bernardv 8y ago

You might want to include www.elephantsql.com as well. They provide a level of support big cloud providers don’t.

zafiro17 8y ago
A second vote for elephant - In my experience they recognize they're smaller and have to deliver more hands-on support, and they do. I use their smallest, hobbyist tier and it's been totally free. I wrote them to suggest a greater variety of smallish but paid service tiers, and those exist now too. I've had a good experience.
barnabask 8y ago
Good suggestion, I'll work on it, thanks! I'm trying to keep the comparison apples-to-apples, and I believe only their dedicated instances ($50 and up) provide the PostGIS extension. That's kind of a requirement for the projects I'm interested in, and it seems like a strange omission. https://www.elephantsql.com/docs/faq.html#postGIS https://www.elephantsql.com/docs/faq.html#postGIS Edit: just added ElephantSQL, the update should be out in a few minutes.
ngrilly 8y ago
Didn't know about them! The pricing is great for hobby projects, with a free plan and a $5 plan (a lot less than the $200 mentioned in the article…).
trpc 8y ago
thanks, never heard of this before

ngrilly 8y ago

Interesting post. But there other things to consider in addition to the price, like the supported versions of PostgreSQL, the supported PostgreSQL extensions, and service availability during automatic updates. To illustrate my comment, I like the Google Cloud ecosystem, but Google Cloud SQL doesn't support PostgreSQL 10 and 11, and when using a single node, there is a downtime during automatic updates. DigitalOcean Managed Databases are more recent but, according to their documentation, these "issues" are solved.

brightball 8y ago
Agreed. I really like a lot of the GCP experience, but Cloud SQL definitely feels like this service they just added and forgot about. There are a lot of factors that impact how you select a cloud provider, but database offerings are always very high on the list. Amazon clearly gets it. Digital Ocean became legitimate when they added one finally. Google had other offerings in the DB space that are compelling but their PG offering needs a lot of work. I was really hoping they would be the company that purchased Citus.

EmilStenstrom 8y ago

Strange bug: If I increase the Memory in the calculator to 2 GB, and then down to 1 Gb again, the AWS cost is stuck at $50.

tyingq 8y ago
Offtopic, but as someone who hasn't done a lot of JS recently, debugging something like this looks like a terrible job. I assume the non-sensible function/object names are the result of some kind of packer? Do modern JS folks have to recreate this sort of thing in a pre-packed environment to track it down more easily?
- cdmckay 8y ago
  You can use source maps to debug it
- andrenotgiant 8y ago
  The author published all the content and code on gitlab, here is the logic for the pricing calculator: https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/blob/master/docs/.vuepress/components/DbaasCalculator.vue https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/blob/master/d...
  - tyingq 8y ago
    Ah, thanks. And the fix was: https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/commit/f7fedea54a3be8046df8d7e753cfb7f69fc870b9#289a33df87be2b903369ee3b4c88a22d9fc4a920_121_138 https://gitlab.com/barnabas/barnabas.gitlab.io/commit/f7fede...
- deleted 8y ago
  [deleted]
barnabask 8y ago
Fixed that just now, thank you!

lincolnq 8y ago

Do any of these services provide point-in-time backup recovery? It is very easy to implement with WAL archiving on my own deployment but I haven’t found any hosted services who do it.

cdmckay 8y ago
I believe RDS supports this: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_PIT.html https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_...
- adrianmsmith 8y ago
  Can confirm that RDS does and I've used it and it works.
scraplab 8y ago
Heroku does. The $50 standard-0 plan has 4 days of rollback available.
TurningCanadian 8y ago
Google cloud has MySQL PITR https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/backup-recovery/restoring#pitr https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/backup-recovery/rest... Oddly seems missing from their PostgreSQL offering though, which is also several versions behind. https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/71565188#comment73 https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/71565188#comment73 mentions Aiven, which looks good to me..
- theptip 8y ago
  I've been staying off Google's postgres offering for this reason; am I missing something about Postgres replication methods, or is this a massive hole in their offering?
tda 8y ago
Azure does, 35 days PITR andI beleive you only pay for the storage costs. Recovery is only on a database server level (not an individual database), and works by creating a new instance (the original instance is left as is) that is set to the state at the desired point in time.

nubela 8y ago

What about MySQL?

davb 8y ago

I recently used Digital Ocean managed PostgreSQL 11 and was pleasantly surprised. Having used Amazon RDS in the past, I found DO's offering to be simpler and faster to provision. I did have an issue whereby the password they showed for a newly created user (on the Web UI) didn't work and I had to reset the password to generate a new one, but otherwise it was pretty reliable. The documentation could do with some expansion (the cluster has some default roles that DO create but these don't seem to be documented anywhere) and it would be great to see wider extension support (I considered trialling pgaudit but it wasn't supported). Overall we were really pleased. We're a small team without a dedicated DBA at this point, so outsourcing management of our database infrastructure was a no brainer. I was more keen on managed vanilla PostgreSQL than something like Aurora (where the implementation could stray enough from the origin that it would more difficult to migrate away should we have the need).

scarface74 8y ago
Really? The lock in boogeyman... If you’re using standard Postgres and reading the standard Postgres documentation, how would you even know about any Amazon extensions? Does DO give you data storage across three availability zones? Point in time backups? Autoscaling synchronous read replicas?
- davb 8y ago
  I'm not sure if DO's offering has the feature parity you need, but it works really well for us, at our scale. Having done many migrations between technologies over the years, I think it's prudent to have some level of skepticism when it comes to "forked but compatible" systems. I don't consider proprietary lock in to be a boogeyman. That's not to say all proprietary technologies are bad (they're not! We use them mix of proprietary and open tech) but having an escape hatch is one of our criteria for adopting closed tech. Especially cloud services where prices aren't fixed and are subject to future increase.
  - scarface74 8y ago
    If you are interacting with the database using the standard Postgres drivers using the standard Postgres syntax why does it matter what’s going on under the hood?

Graphguy 8y ago

IBM has a relatively new managed PG offering with mutually exclusive scaling of Disk and RAM. Neat feature to not have to rely on instance sizing, https://cloud.ibm.com/catalog/services/databases-for-postgresql https://cloud.ibm.com/catalog/services/databases-for-postgre.... disclosure: I work @ IBM.

barnabask 8y ago
Thanks Graphguy, I didn't know about that. I'll check it out. Finding out about other options was part of my motivation of putting this out in the world.
- Graphguy 8y ago
  NP - I can submit a PR to your work tomorrow? Seems like a useful tool for surveying the growing PG-aaS space!

paulmendoza 8y ago

If you commit to RDS for 3 years you can go the server for 60% off which changes the math a lot.

barnabask 8y ago
I totally agree. But, I wrestled with putting the AWS numbers at the 1-year commitment level when none of the other vendors have that requirement. In the end I decided that was the level of commitment I'd put toward a side-project.
- bdcravens 8y ago
  I think 1 year is reasonable. AWS upgrades often enough that it makes sense to not lock yourself out of those performance increases.

samcheng 8y ago

In my opinion, for DBaaS, number of cores, amount of RAM, and even I/O performance for the buck are secondary considerations. After all, for any non-hobby application, the data are significantly more valuable than the hosting costs. I would be more interested in a comparison of security features, backup infrastructure, replication tooling, failover procedures, version upgrades, etc.

massaman_yams 8y ago
Definitely. I'd also look at pg version support (GCP is still on 9.6) and extension support.

gingerlime 8y ago

Wanted to also mention aiven.io. We use them for a while now and we’re very happy. Prompt and knowledgeable support and friendly service. They can deploy on pretty much any cloud and even migrate between them (I think). Not affiliated in any way. Just a happy customer.

jonathanoliver 8y ago
Aiven has been pretty cool for me to quickly set up clusters of things like Kafka or Postgres among others to do various tests with. I have really enjoyed them.

parzivalm 8y ago

I find it interesting how the author mentions $200/month for a side project. Makes you think, everyone's side project budget is pretty different.

barnabask 8y ago
For a hobby project that I wouldn't expect to monetize, $200 is too much, I totally agree. For a side project that makes some passive income however, I would hope to start out under $50 and scale up as needed.

bgentry 8y ago

Do these estimates account for some amount of I/O costs? For example with Heroku Postgres the instances use provisioned IOPS which is bundled into the cost, but if you’re running on RDS your cost may vary considerably depending on actual usage or whether you provision the same amount of IOPS.

barnabask 8y ago
The calculator doesn't factor in IOPS, and that's good to know, thanks. I just wanted a blunt tool to get a feel for these vendors' price points at least using the common denominators of memory, CPU, and storage. I could be wrong.

bdcravens 8y ago

Why stop at 500GB storage?

tda 8y ago
Interesting also that for all providers except azure storage can only scale together with cpu/ram. Never understood why that is.
- bdcravens 8y ago
  Are you talking about this tool, or the cloud providers? AWS RDS lets you pick storage size independent of the compute resources.

durkie 8y ago

Thanks for making this! I've got a PostGIS app that is starting to groan a bit with a Heroku Standard-0 database and I've been trying to weigh my options for next step.

ezekg 8y ago

Heroku’s missing Standard 1 has always annoyed me, but it did save me the migration effort moving from Standard 0 to Standard 2 right away, instead of waiting a little longer before needing to upgrade yet again.

aantix 8y ago

With all of these offerings, I really hate that it’s 2019 and I’m still having to choose cores and ram and storage. I really just want a no-brainer solution that horizontally and vertically scales whenever needed.

barnabask 8y ago
I wonder if Amazon Aurora is what you’re looking for: https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/ https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/ Does anyone have any real world experience with this, in comparison to these more traditional DBaaS offerings? Not sure if it’s a practical contender at a smaller scale.
- scarface74 8y ago
  Serverless Aurora is dirt cheap for low usage scenarios. https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/serverless/ https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/serverless/

nknealk 8y ago

Comparing AWS T type instances isn't necessarily a 1:1 with some of the other offerings which have dedicated CPUs https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/t3/ https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/t3/

xenator 8y ago

Moved all values to maximum and got exactly my current Hetzner configuration: 8 cores, 32 Gb RAM and 500 Gb storage. I have around 500 Gb of data, but real storage is about 3Tb. Difference is that minimum price on DO is $480 per month. I pay 30 euros, and some more for backup storage.

vbsteven 8y ago
Can you tell me something about how you manage backups or point me to any guides used for setting this up? I use the same Hetzner setup for some small side projects and my backup strategy here is just a daily pg_dump and archive on S3. For larger projects I usually run Amazon RDS and don’t worry too much about backups.
- xenator 8y ago
  It is not very different from yours. Since all data can be easily redownloaded and processed again I really care only about code. Which is managed by Gitlab on a different machine and use internal Gitlab tool for backups.

devit 8y ago

Why not just install PostgreSQL with apt on your server and use that? Or if you need HA use Kubernetes and deploy the Stolon helm chart.

matthewmacleod 8y ago
Because I don’t know what a “stolon helm chart” is, other than possibly some kind of Norse relic, and in the amount of time it will take me to find out I can have an easily-scalable, reliable, secure database in place using something like RDS. Sometimes—if you have the skill, knowledge, and resources—it will make sense to run your own HA database cluster, with a good backup system, automatic failover, and all the rest of the nice things you want. Other times, it would be more expensive and less reliable to set up and maintain that infrastructure versus a third-party service. There is no “one size fits all” solution to this sort of problem.

skyde 8y ago

Vey interesting but again will the same amount of core and memory result in the same amount of transaction per seconds? How can we easily know what is the optimal number of CPU core and Memory needed to achieve X Transaction per seconds ? I know benefit of memory depend on cache hit rate, or how large is your working set. But assuming 100% cache hit rate how many core do you really need ?

oskari 8y ago
Will the same amount of cores result in the same tps? No. I gave a talk on this subject at PostgresConf NYC a couple weeks ago, my slides are here: https://postgresconf.org/conferences/2019/program/proposals/transactions-per-dollar-postgresql-in-virtual-and-bare-metal-clouds https://postgresconf.org/conferences/2019/program/proposals/... I'll follow up with a blog post in the near future.