You basically need the same data structures in an interpreter and a compiler, you don't need them at run time when compiling but you need them at compile time.

You basically need the same data structures in an interpreter and a compiler, you don't need them at run time when compiling but you need them at compile time. Lisp in Small Pieces goes seamlessly from interpreters to compilers over a few chapters and everything from the interpreters part is applicable to the compilers, but it is split between compile and run time (it's a great book BTW).