Smalltalk had to cut corners with messaging due to the limited processing of the time, nevertheless it has fully reified messages; one can express the sending o

Smalltalk had to cut corners with messaging due to the limited processing of the time, nevertheless it has fully reified messages; one can express the sending of messages between objects. Smalltalk inspired Erlang, which is the fully-asynchronous messaging/independent threads of execution part of OO only. Self did OO without inheritance (composition by prototypes).