Perl 6 normalizes to NFC by default for everything except filenames: https://docs.perl6.org/language/unicode https://docs.perl6.org/language/unicode As to lelf

Perl 6 normalizes to NFC by default for everything except filenames: https://docs.perl6.org/language/unicode https://docs.perl6.org/language/unicode As to lelf's 1-character emoji, str.chars returns the number of characters in the string-- it would only return 2 if it returned the number of code units instead (which, the documentation notes, is what currently happens on the JVM).