Switzerland does this right: there is an annual excess (which patients can choose, typically between $500 and $2500, and which is reflected in reduced premiums

Switzerland does this right: there is an annual excess (which patients can choose, typically between $500 and $2500, and which is reflected in reduced premiums if you choose a higher excess) which is paid entirely by the patient, and after that the insurance kicks in for 90% of costs up to another threshold, after which the insurer covers everything. In this way the insurance is actually an insurance like a car insurance, and not some bastardized medical payment plan where incentives of different parties aren't aligned.