> If memory is operating correctly, then the value last written to any location should always be the one which is read back. Any deviation from that means there

> If memory is operating correctly, then the value last written to any location should always be the one which is read back. Any deviation from that means there is something wrong, in the same way that a calculator which intermittently produces 1+1=3 would be considered broken. Pretty much all hardware has a given bit error rate. The problem with rowhammer is that the BER of affected memory can be changed by orders of magnitude by access patterns.