They are independent businesses. Most people have public health insurance. These are still entities distinct from the general budget. You can chose between diff

They are independent businesses. Most people have public health insurance. These are still entities distinct from the general budget. You can chose between different insurances, which have some minor differences in terms of extra services they offer. Rates also differ, but only very slightly. It’s around 12% of income. There are also private insurances. They offer flat rates (not indexed to income) and are attractive to high earners and some young people.