> What do you mean by the instructions not being microcoded? Most common instructions in modern CPU cores are decoded directly into the corresponding micro-ope

> What do you mean by the instructions not being microcoded? Most common instructions in modern CPU cores are decoded directly into the corresponding micro-operation(s), without involving the microcode ROM. Only the most complex instructions, involving many micro-operations, will use the microcode decoder. Also, there are often several copies of the simpler instruction decoder, so the CPU can decode several instructions in a single cycle, while there's normally a single copy of the complex (microcode-using) instruction decoder. A good resource if you want to read more is part 3 of https://www.agner.org/optimize/ https://www.agner.org/optimize/ which describes the decoder (and other parts) of several families of x86 processors.