Well Java is just an incredibly bad poster child for static typing. But even in Java you can do better by using modern sum types. Defining a “ridiculous number

Well Java is just an incredibly bad poster child for static typing. But even in Java you can do better by using modern sum types. Defining a “ridiculous number of single-use DTOs” isn’t actually a problem in languages that support this well (e.g. by allowing you to create anonymous tuples). But as you’ve said yourself: this only applies to “pretty hoary APIs”. Why not take the opportunity to create a better API (through a wrapper, if you have no control over the original API)?