The overhead is typically “a few extra keystrokes”, Java and C++ notwithstanding. There are more complex cases in which standard type systems aren’t expressive

The overhead is typically “a few extra keystrokes”, Java and C++ notwithstanding. There are more complex cases in which standard type systems aren’t expressive and expressive type systems are arguably too difficult, but even then you could use an “untyped” type like interface{} in Go and program that bit just like you would in Python while still enjoying type safety in the other 99% of your application.