100% The publishers. Neither the reviewers, nor the authors get compensation. The only thing they get is to claim they review/publish in <insert relevant journa

100% The publishers. Neither the reviewers, nor the authors get compensation. The only thing they get is to claim they review/publish in <insert relevant journal>. The process is deeply flawed and there is a movement called open access to fight this. Edit: The saddest thing is, that a lot of research behind paywalls is publicly funded