https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html Then we have metaclasses, abstract base classes and proto

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html Then we have metaclasses, abstract base classes and protocols. Also Super and self everywhere. Even more complexity with typing, which is necessary if you want to approach similar type safety to julia ie to make the comparison more fair.