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What are "wafers"?
by slenk 8y ago
What are "wafers"?
- jey 8y agoIt's the underlying material chips are made on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics)
- davidkuhta 8y ago> A wafer, also called a slice or substrate,[1] is a thin slice of semiconductor material, such as a crystalline silicon, used in electronics for the fabrication of integrated circuits and in photovoltaics for conventional, wafer-based solar cells.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- obl 8y agoIf you have time : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGFhc8R_uO4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGFhc8R_uO4 It's great.
- avs733 8y agoAlways flattered when this gets posted. Always wish I could go back and re-record this talking about 50% as fast.
- taxicabjesus 8y ago> Always wish I could go back and re-record this talking about 50% as fast. I'm listening to this at 1.5x, which is my usual listening speed for non-musical videos. Your speed is fine. Toastmasters [0] has helped me reduced my use of filler words: ahh, uhm, and, okay, so, you know, like, well, [pregnant pauses], [double clutches]. It's hard for me to listen to politicians anymore, because they're always gumming up their speech with linguistic crutches. I didn't used to notice. [0] https://www.toastmasters.org/ https://www.toastmasters.org/ "When we find ourselves rattled while speaking — whether we’re nervous, distracted, or at a loss for what comes next — it’s easy to lean on filler words. These may give us a moment to collect our thoughts before we press on, and in some cases, they may be useful indicators that the audience should pay special attention to what comes next. But when we start to overuse them, they become crutches — academics call them disfluencies — that diminish our credibility and distract from our message." [1] [1] https://hbr.org/2018/08/how-to-stop-saying-um-ah-and-you-know https://hbr.org/2018/08/how-to-stop-saying-um-ah-and-you-kno...
- avs733 8y agoThanks!
- parimm 8y agoThank you for making and giving the talk. It got me interested in lithography. Do you have any plans to give an updated talk. It would be interesting to know about what comes after 7nm.
- spearo77 8y agoGreat talk. Thanks for making it available. Soooo, it's now 2019.. is EUV working?
- dragontamer 8y agoAfter a Silicon Crystal with 99.99999999+% purity is grown, they are sliced into large pieces called "Wafers". Transistors are then built on top of the crystal structure. All together, these transistors create chips. Somewhere between 75 to 7500 chips are made per wafer, depending on the size of the design. Yes, 10+ 9 purity. And the impurities in those crystals were put in there on purpose (to make N-type or P-type Silicon). I never personally understood the chemistry or physics behind the process, but its always cool thinking about how exceptionally pure this whole process is. In any case, if a run of wafers is bad, that can easily be hundreds-of-thousands of dollars worth of chips per wafer. For whatever reason, it seems like these wafers did not have the 99.99999999% purity needed to successfully make chips, so everyone's chips are ruined. Whatever the issue is, you can rest assured that a ton of business folk are going to be pissed.
- NotAnEconomist 8y ago> This accident stems from the fact that imported chemical materials do not meet the requirements, resulting in flaws in the wafers produced. It's possible one of the washes or doping agents was contaminated, rather than the wafers themselves.