Well, I would say that it highly depends on your workload. .NET's biggest performance win is lower-level memory management, like structs and Spans. If you can

Well, I would say that it highly depends on your workload. .NET's biggest performance win is lower-level memory management, like structs and Spans. If you can use those to avoid allocations and improve memory locality in your critical path, you'll end up beating the JVM. For allocation-heavy workloads that can't use .NET's lower-level memory tools, I think the JVM is still a bit ahead with its better GC and profiling HotSpot JIT compiler.