I could give you a list of books that are used at the graduate and undergraduate level that are considered good. However, almost none of them really discuss th

I could give you a list of books that are used at the graduate and undergraduate level that are considered good. However, almost none of them really discuss the motivations behind topics. My suggestion is to start with this book by Arnold on Abel’s Theorem. If it interests you then delve deeper into the topics once you are done with it. https://www.mathcamp.org/2015/abel/abel.pdf https://www.mathcamp.org/2015/abel/abel.pdf