> I would say C++ is more like a zero runtime-cost abstraction language (in release builds). Well, other than the "zero-cost" features that increase code size.

> I would say C++ is more like a zero runtime-cost abstraction language (in release builds). Well, other than the "zero-cost" features that increase code size. For example careless use of heavy template classes can generate a lot of code. In other words, in C++ it's very easy to generate a lot of code from seemingly innocent constructs. Instruction cache misses, page faults (and to lesser amount TLB misses) are not zero cost.