In my experience one can pretty much just copy and paste, and most things work (though likely not 100%). There are two ways in which Octave still falls short:

In my experience one can pretty much just copy and paste, and most things work (though likely not 100%). There are two ways in which Octave still falls short: (1) Matlab is faster, as it has (I believe) JIT compilation whereas Octave doesn't; and (2) all things related to plotting & graphing are still better in Matlab IMO, though that may be changing. This may not be important for learning DSP, but does matter in day to day scientific work.