There are a lot of work in the area of reducing this for segmented output too. Including solutions such as CMAF. BBC has a lot of information about their testin

There are a lot of work in the area of reducing this for segmented output too. Including solutions such as CMAF. BBC has a lot of information about their testing here: https://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/projects/low-latency-live-streaming-mpeg-dash https://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/projects/low-latency-live-streaming... I've seen solutions from Akamai that go down to a second or two even with this approach, so i think it's coming pretty close.