Is it possible to let people use software freely, but if they make money from a service that uses it, you have to pay for it? This seems to me to be the fairest

Is it possible to let people use software freely, but if they make money from a service that uses it, you have to pay for it? This seems to me to be the fairest approach, particularly in a hosted environment. Think of something like codepen.io but instead of premium pricing they only charge you when you process payments. In a way, this is what the App Store and Play Store are already doing, no?