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By example: Continuation-passing style in JavaScript
- agscala 16y agoBasically, this article is just about what callbacks are and how they are all nice and convenient?
- acconrad 16y agoUnfortunately, yes.
- mbrubeck 16y agoYes... including how they're "just" nice and convenient as a compilation target for a language with exceptions and continuations.
- mattmight 16y agoNo. I think you're missing the point. Continuations become a highly constrained kind of callback in continuation-passing style. Callbacks by themselves don't make for a nice intermediate format for compilation, or a way to model exceptions or distributed computation. They only gain these abilities when constrained as continuations in CPS.
- silentbicycle 16y agoFor good descriptions of using CPS as an intermediate representation in a compiler, check out Appel's _Compiling with Continuations_, Guy L. Steele's "Rabbit" thesis, Krantz's "Orbit" thesis, and chapter 12 of the first edition of _Essentials of Programming Languages_ (they cut it from later editions, unfortunately). Appel uses ML, the rest use Scheme.
- nix 16y agoWhat the author is missing: tail recursion in constant space is an implicit requirement for practical use of CPS transformations. In fact this is probably the single biggest reason for wanting efficient tail calls in a language. ECMA doesn't require efficient tail recursion. Caveat programmer.
- crux_ 16y agoIndeed! You can work around it with a trampoline (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_call#Through_trampolining http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_call#Through_trampolining), which is what I did with cfa-js. (http://dl.dropbox.com/u/6600185/cfa/cfademo.html http://dl.dropbox.com/u/6600185/cfa/cfademo.html)
- mattmight 16y agoGood point. True. If you're going to do real CPS programming in JavaScript, you'll want to use a trampoline or a timer mechanism to reset the stack. But, in most cases, you do a little computation and then block waiting for an event. When the continuation gets invoked by the event-handling loop, the stack is reset.
- nix 16y agoWhen the continuation gets invoked by the event-handling loop, the stack is reset. You're not compiling to C here: "the stack" may be a chain of heap-allocated activation records that are still live as far as GC is concerned. What you're describing might work but you'd want to test it to be sure. EDIT: On reflection I agree that the setTimeout() approach should free the stack, however it's implemented.
- masklinn 16y ago> ECMA doesn't require efficient tail recursion. Caveat programmer. You can always use setTimeout to call your tail, which has the neat effect that your CPS "threads" become cooperatively multitasked and can progress alongside each other. Just replace "foo()" tail calls with "setTimeout(foo, 0)". And the downside that you're nuking your stack every time, making debugging quite a bit harder.
- silentbicycle 16y agoCPS is about much more than just callbacks, though.
- tomn 16y agoTwisted (a python asynchronous network programming framework) does something similar, but inverted. Twisted functions return a Deferred object without blocking. A Deferred is a promise of a value, so rather than passing the callback into the function, you register a callback with the deferred, and the function promises to call it later. This type of thing has a few nice properties -- you can easily register more than one callback, as well as using them as a pipeline (kind-of like monads in haskell), which are awkward to implement with callbacks. As an aside, in python you can trick generators into turning synchronous-looking code into asynchronous, which can actually make things look a lot neater if done properly -- i'll provide code if anyone's interested.
- viraptor 16y ago> python you can trick generators into turning synchronous-looking code into asynchronous Example: http://dieselweb.org/lib/ http://dieselweb.org/lib/ or https://github.com/saucelabs/monocle https://github.com/saucelabs/monocle Although Diesel2 is much more interesting, with greenlets support. No more messing about with `yield`, since the blocking functions themselves force a context switch. https://github.com/jamwt/diesel https://github.com/jamwt/diesel
- tomn 16y agoThat looks really interesting, though it seems a bit dangerous -- greenlet feels like a bit of a hack. I wish I'd found diesel before twisted; it seems a lot more elegant if you don't need any of the built-in protocols. The twisted model is good, there's just too much of it.
- ximeng 16y agoPeople interesting in this article might also like Eric Lippert's articles on the subject. http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2010/10/21/continuation-passing-style-revisited-part-one.aspx http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2010/10/21/conti... They're more from a language design perspective rather than the more practical article here.
- ajro 16y agoCould someone explain how the 'call/cc in javascript' from the article is supposed to be used? function callcc (f,cc) { f(function(x,k) { cc(x) },cc); }
- mattmight 16y agoSuppose you wrote a compiler that translates to JavaScript in continuation-passing style. (Or suppose you wrote all your JavaScript in continuation-passing style.) That's the implementation of call/cc. For how to use call/cc, I recommend my other article on continuations: http://matt.might.net/articles/programming-with-continuations--exceptions-backtracking-search-threads-generators-coroutines/ http://matt.might.net/articles/programming-with-continuation...
- ajro 16y agoI found this link before posting the question but I still can't imagine how to use javascript call/cc implementation from your article (on the other hand I think I know how to use call/cc in scheme). Maybe I am too tired today. If you posted a simple example of JavaScript written in continuation-passing style and using this call/cc implementation probably everything would be clear.
- zackattack 16y agodoesn't jquery already do this with $.post?