From the source: >"Population‐based cancer incidence data in the United States have been collected by the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Surveillance, Epi

From the source: >"Population‐based cancer incidence data in the United States have been collected by the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program since 1973 and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) since 1995. The SEER program is the only source for historic population‐based incidence data. Long‐term (1975–2015) incidence and survival trends were based on data from the 9 oldest SEER areas (Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, Utah, and the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco–Oakland, and Seattle–Puget Sound), representing approximately 9% of the US population." https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21551 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21551 So, looks like the headline chart[1] is only using data from the 9 original SEER regions (Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, Utah, and the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco–Oakland, and Seattle–Puget Sound). Also, some new data source was added in 1995, which is about when we see that peak in incidence/mortality. So we have some room for systematically biasing the data here, especially when we consider the various pitfalls of "age-adjustment". They also say much of the mid-1990s spike in incidence for males was due to detection of asymptomatic prostate cancer: >"Cancer incidence patterns reflect trends in behaviors associated with cancer risk and changes in medical practice, such as the use of cancer screening tests. The volatility in incidence for males reflects rapid changes in prostate cancer incidence rates, which spiked in the late 1980s and early 1990s (Fig. 3) due to a surge in the detection of asymptomatic disease as a result of widespread prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing among previously unscreened men" [1] https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/479916e1-e899-4965-a35d-7517620064cf/caac21551-fig-0002-m.jp https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/4799...