The fast ion loss probe used in fusion energy research is relevant to your last point. See figure 1 of [1], or if you have access see [2] for a good explanation

The fast ion loss probe used in fusion energy research is relevant to your last point. See figure 1 of [1], or if you have access see [2] for a good explanation. [1] https://w3.pppl.gov/~szweben/Papers/coauthorpapers/DarrowRSI92.pdf https://w3.pppl.gov/~szweben/Papers/coauthorpapers/DarrowRSI... [2] https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5039311 https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5039311