> Tell them what you are going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them what you told them. I see this a lot in talks and even in canned presentations and

> Tell them what you are going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them what you told them. I see this a lot in talks and even in canned presentations and I don't recommend it. I think it comes from people padding their talks to fit within a certain time frame. Or perhaps, some speakers have realized that enough audience members utterly tune-out during the talk and need to be reminded of what the talk was about just as they're waking-up and getting ready for the next meeting. Somehow it got drilled into people that this is a necessary structure, but it is not! Much better, I think, to remove material from the talk to the point where the speaker is making one, maybe two interesting assertions that are supported succinctly. Every talk should leave time for discussion.