Not sure how the entire lifecycle compares with ICE cars. I would expect EVs to compare very favorably even if they were more harmful to manufacture, once all e

Not sure how the entire lifecycle compares with ICE cars. I would expect EVs to compare very favorably even if they were more harmful to manufacture, once all externalities are taking into account (include oil, fuel, filters and transport of these in the equation). I don't know of extensive studies to back up this, however and would appreciate if someone would point them out. One thing we DO know is: lithium batteries are highly recyclable. Almost all lithium can be recovered (and is, as despite it's abundance, it's still valuable due to demand). But here's the thing: car batteries are so huge that, once their available capacity is no longer attractive to use in cars, they can have a second life as stationary storage (for instance, powerwalls), where weight is not a concern. Once they are no longer fit even for that, then we can recycle them and start anew.