The article doesn't say characters in ancient fiction doesn't have feelings, it says "medieval authors represented characters’ mental states mainly through thei

The article doesn't say characters in ancient fiction doesn't have feelings, it says "medieval authors represented characters’ mental states mainly through their direct speech and gestures" - rather than say through internal monologue. This is also true about the Illiad. However the article continues "Moreover, emotions were usually predictable reactions to external actions or events, revealing little about a character that was complex or surprising." which is absolutely bullshit. The Icelandic Sagas which the article uses as an example have lots of examples of complex and surprising emotions - it is just narrated in a "show - don't tell" genre.