Here's a 2018 URL affirming the same estimate: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-publishes-independent-expert-e-cigarettes-evidence-review https://www.gov

Here's a 2018 URL affirming the same estimate: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-publishes-independent-expert-e-cigarettes-evidence-review https://www.gov.uk/government/news/phe-publishes-independent... That page has tons more detail. The first footnote is a report commissioned by Public Health England, the British equivalent of the US FDA. Here's a joint statement by 13 of the most influential - and most neutral - UK public health organizations, including the Royal College of Physicians (US equivalent: American Medical Association) and the British Lung Foundation (US equiv: American Lung Association): https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/534708/E-cigarettes_joint_consensus_statement_2016.pdf https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/... These aren't obviously biased studies or people and they aren't easy to dismiss. Whether the health difference is 20x ("at least 95% healthier"), 10x, or 50x, there's now a nicotine delivery method - vaping - that, while far from healthy, almost everyone agrees is far healthier than traditional smoking. The difference may be large enough to justify removing paper cigarettes from the retail market entirely.