Xerox PARC is certainly important to computing and software history, but it was important as a research unit rather than an innovator. I may be just arguing se

Xerox PARC is certainly important to computing and software history, but it was important as a research unit rather than an innovator. I may be just arguing semantics but my take is that researchers discover and innovators make it useful and bring it to the masses. Xerox PARC may have discovered the GUI but it was APPLE who made it useful and brought it to the masses. Although monopolies can innovate, there is no denying that monopolies are risk averse and have internal incentive to quash any innovations that may negatively affect their cash cows. Younger and smaller companies are more likely to take chances and be disruptive.