I'm not sure what your argument is. This is an example of hearsay and anecodote: "Hey Joe, this brand of probiotic worked well for me. You should give it a tr

I'm not sure what your argument is. This is an example of hearsay and anecodote: "Hey Joe, this brand of probiotic worked well for me. You should give it a try." After hearing that, should Joe then look for meta-analyses of the effectiveness of different probiotic brands, or does he have defeasible justification for trying it out? Maybe you'll say a search for meta-analyses is too stringent, but that you could at least look at anonymous reviews on Amazon. Fine. Then go look at collections of anonymous anecdotal reports in the N-Back community. You keep trying to describe a form of rigid empiricism, as-if I don't actually know or care about epistemology. I did a concentration in philosophy of science in undergrad, and was an editor/reviewer for an entry on the philosophy of science in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. I'm not unfamiliar with empiricism.