4 ms·

There's also the "capacitor dropper" method that uses a capacitor as a frequency-dependent resistor and has a slightly better efficiency but lower power factor

There's also the "capacitor dropper" method that uses a capacitor as a frequency-dependent resistor and has a slightly better efficiency but lower power factor than a resistor.

comboy 8y ago
In my experience this is the most common solution for cheap led bulbs.