Some of this stems from simple things. For example, most doctors are never trained in what nurses do, or what the implications of their orders may be. If a do

Some of this stems from simple things. For example, most doctors are never trained in what nurses do, or what the implications of their orders may be. If a doctor waits til the end of a shift (when it is convenient) to write out a bunch of prescriptions and there is a frequency of dosage, then the start time is dictated by the time of the prescription, unless the doctor puts a specific time on it. This means that patients will be woken up at an inopportune time for the dose (end of a shift change), and usually a time when people would be asleep. I learned about this by watching a video put out by a hospitalist who was showing the results of requiring new doctors to be paired up with nurses for a week or two to see how hospitals actually worked. The new doctors were very surprised that their mental model of things just wasn't grounded in reality. This all stems from institution centric care rather than patient centric care.