What I can't understand is why criminal punishment isn't involved in more of these cases. If you vote illegally, then you're subject to criminal penalty. If you

What I can't understand is why criminal punishment isn't involved in more of these cases. If you vote illegally, then you're subject to criminal penalty. If you divise a scheme that's clearly intended to disenfranchise hundreds of thousands of voters, and that scheme is ajudicated as such, nothing happens. There is no disincentive. Just try again until you're successful.