> Now, what about older versions of packages in debian's apt repos that have been deleted? How do I get those? you can version pin your apt packages if you nee

> Now, what about older versions of packages in debian's apt repos that have been deleted? How do I get those? you can version pin your apt packages if you need to, i personally prefer the minor patches so i get my security updates. my build tool will catch if there's a bug affecting my software. > Is this any different from what you do in a shell script on a server? yes, because I can take that built image and deploy it to any host and all my developers get to all use the same one in their development. but hey, if you like building with shell, you could try out packer and run that shell script to create an image; which can safely be used on any host that supports docker or kub? > I don't see how a docker image definition makes any of this easy. There's not even a flag to disallow network access during "docker build". Easier depends on your goals and perspectives. For me, it's easier to write a docker file that installs what I need to run a service. Where bash doesn't have that, it's just a script that needs an environment to run. where do you run bash? is it locally on your OS with your packages with your settings and your needs? what happens when I run that bash script in a different OS? Who's going to debug that? Are you going to track your changes made in version control? how do you update the other servers/users who use your script? I got other fun things to do than worry about that.