Prescriptions #3 are nice in spirit, but there are practical constraints to consider. For one thing, in addition to geographical boundaries, congressional dist

Prescriptions #3 are nice in spirit, but there are practical constraints to consider. For one thing, in addition to geographical boundaries, congressional districts also need to conform to existing administrative boundaries like county lines. These, in turn, are tied to services, taxes, etc. Not to say whether it can or cannot be done, nor whether it should or should not, but it's far from simple to just redraw congressional districts. For anyone interested in gerrymandering and related issues, I've found this to be a nice resource: https://sites.duke.edu/quantifyinggerrymandering https://sites.duke.edu/quantifyinggerrymandering . (In full disclosure, I know some of the people responsible for this but am not involved in the work.)