> since you actually measured benefit, you are now left wondering whether the intervention actually has an effect, or you just happen to be in 5% of possible un

> since you actually measured benefit, you are now left wondering whether the intervention actually has an effect, or you just happen to be in 5% of possible universes where the randomness just happened to align this way. That still seems a good first step. It may also be curious to find out what were the things that have actually lead to the effect if not the one we were checking. E.g. it may happen that it the substance researched only affects subjects with particular features or that something else they were doing has produced the result on itself and knowing any of these still seems useful (some really important discoveries were made this way AFAIK).