These low bandwidth / low power modes are mathemagic, extracting signals that are well below the noise floor. Redundancy, forward error correction, and low baud

These low bandwidth / low power modes are mathemagic, extracting signals that are well below the noise floor. Redundancy, forward error correction, and low baud rates are the key. In morse, the baud rate is low, but you get one chance at each symbol and that is it. With these new modes a small set of bits is sent in a highly redundant fashion such that you can recover the whole message even if you capture only, say, 30% of the bits, not necessarily contiguous.