> What you're describing is the reverse direction, simulating a TM with pencil and paper That's what I'm describing, but what is it the reverse of? You wrote:

> What you're describing is the reverse direction, simulating a TM with pencil and paper That's what I'm describing, but what is it the reverse of? You wrote: "If theoretical physics can find a complete model of all particles and spacetime, and we can show that a Turing Machine can emulate it", to which I added "then a person with pencil and paper can simulate its execution", so putting these together a person with pencil and paper can simulate your complete physics model. How does that suffice as a counterexample to the Church-Turing thesis?