Most users will just happen to be dependent on cloud providers for DoH not because of anything inherent to DoH, but because at the moment only cloud providers a

Most users will just happen to be dependent on cloud providers for DoH not because of anything inherent to DoH, but because at the moment only cloud providers are offering DoH-enabled resolvers. If you don't like this, then instead of decrying the usage of DoH, you should be pushing for more DNS providers to offer DoH. I do agree that pushing DNS functionality into apps instead of the OS level is suboptimal, and I certainly hope that, if Firefox proves that DoH works well, it will be adopted by the major OS's (along with a way to query the OS resolver to check if it's using DoH or not) so that all apps can benefit from it instead of just web browsers that reimplement DNS. Of course, IIRC Chrome at least (not sure about Firefox) has already been implementing DNS resolution itself for a long time rather than relying on the OS resolver, so the idea of a web browser doing DNS directly instead of relying on the OS is not a new one. I'm not sure why Chrome does this though.