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I have no chops whatever in this field, but it's fun to think of experiments we might do: If I understand current theory, dark matter only interacts with itsel
by ridgeguy 8y ago
I have no chops whatever in this field, but it's fun to think of experiments we might do:
If I understand current theory, dark matter only interacts with itself and with ordinary matter through gravity. Hence the importance of Vera Rubin's observations [1] that some galaxies were rotating too darned fast to hold together based on the ordinary matter we could see. Gotta be something invisible generating more gravitational force.
If so, couldn't we expect larger masses to attract more dark matter than lesser masses? And mightn't very high resolution measurements of those masses' gravitational forces disclose a discrepancy attributable to more dark matter clustering around a larger mass?
I think of constructing two spheres, one of lithium (density = 0.534 g/cm^3), the other of platinum (density = 21.45 g/cm^3). Both have equal diameters, and very different masses. Park them out in space - maybe in an orbit inclined 90° to the ecliptic so there's some time when they're far away from the complicating effects of planetary masses.
Then release test objects with accurately known masses (think the silicon spheres made for Gravity B Probe's gyroscopes [2]) near each of the two spheres. Minimum approach speeds would be given by the assumption of only ordinary matter in the spheres, no dark matter present. If there is dark matter, and if it accumulates according to gravitational interactions, the test mass approach speeds should be greater than calculated from ordinary matter gravitational force. Also, the larger mass should attract more dark matter and exhibit a greater deviation from ordinary matter force.
Depending on the local density of dark matter, one might see the results change over time with differential accumulation of dark matter around the two spheres.
Do we have the measurement capabilities to do something like this? I recall LIGO measures distances four orders of magnitude less than the width of a proton.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_Rubin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_Rubin
[2] https://einstein.stanford.edu/TECH/technology1.html https://einstein.stanford.edu/TECH/technology1.html
- InclinedPlane 8y agoYour experiment has several fundamental flaws. Firstly, dark matter is weakly interacting (even with itself) which is why it doesn't "clump" the way atomic matter does. The only "clumping" of dark matter happens on galactic scales, because the typical speeds of dark matter particles are in the range of orbital speeds around galaxies. Our measurements of the dark matter mass in galaxies don't have nearly enough precision to be able to determine the relationship you posit with much certainty. As to your own experimental design, using large spheres of matter, it's completely non-workable. As mentioned above, dark matter particles have velocities in the range of orbital speeds around the galaxy, which is 100s of km/s. So most of the dark matter particles in the vicinity of Earth are going to simply pass through your spheres without stopping, and certainly without increasing their mass. Additionally, you seem to be confused about the scales of densities here. Dark matter is distributed in a somewhat uniform density on interstellar scales (there are density gradients across the galaxy however). Near the Sun the density of dark matter is about 0.0025 solar masses per cubic light-year, or about 5e-20 kg per cubic meter. So, there really is not a lot of dark matter passing through objects around Earth, mass wise. There's only maybe 6 kg within the entire volume of the Earth at any given time, for example.
- ridgeguy 8y agoThanks for your reply, it's informative and interesting. Helps me understand why detection of dark matter is a continuing challenge.