Are a substantial number of illegal robocalls still made domestically? As I understood it, the TCPA actually has teeth and has worked pretty well, but has a few

Are a substantial number of illegal robocalls still made domestically? As I understood it, the TCPA actually has teeth and has worked pretty well, but has a few big holes. The first was closed in 2013, when a "prior business relationship", which had come to mean "basically any purchase from any company", ceased to bypass the consent requirement. The second, unclosed, is the high transferability or extendability of TCPA consent - the shady person calling you might be five transactions down from a legitimate-looking request and still be legally protected. The third, perhaps uncloseable, is that lots of robocallers seem to get or spoof domestic numbers without actually keeping assets in the US. I can't imagine that the people calling half the country every day with spoofed Chinese embassy phone numbers are actually operating domestically. I don't know how this happens - do they contract with US dialers and lie about permission? Can they dial internationally and spoof to domestic numbers? But I'm pretty sure collecting is out of the question. The people using fake numbers to tell me I won a free cruise might still be domestic, and it'd be awfully nice to make that stop, but most of this stuff seems to be hiding either behind or from the law.