I'm not a fan of video-first contents, but I'm linking to Tom Scott because he commissioned various source materials and their translations just for this video

I'm not a fan of video-first contents, but I'm linking to Tom Scott because he commissioned various source materials and their translations just for this video as it turned out that all existing English sources varied in details. I love this amount of dedication. (If you simply don't like videos, Wikipedia gives a reasonable article: https://www.inc.com/magazine/19990915/13554.html https://www.inc.com/magazine/19990915/13554.html)