This can be greatly simplified since there are only 4 major philosophers: Plato/Kant and Aristotle/Rand who took the fundamental opposite positions of the Prima

This can be greatly simplified since there are only 4 major philosophers: Plato/Kant and Aristotle/Rand who took the fundamental opposite positions of the Primacy of Consciousness versus the Primacy of Existence, respectively. Kant secularized and removed the contradictions in Plato's theories whereas Rand completed Aristotle's revolution which began with the Law of Identity and which she applied to consciousness itself and solved the problem of universals and answered the skeptics.