HTML + CSS, pure and simple. Don't overthink. Frameworks like bootstrap were useful back when they started: column layout (and other popular patterns) were hard

HTML + CSS, pure and simple. Don't overthink. Frameworks like bootstrap were useful back when they started: column layout (and other popular patterns) were hard to achieve, and each browser (and version) had their own quirks to work around. Today, CSS Grid and Flexbox are easier and more powerful than any framework, and aside from bleeding-edge features the major browsers have converged.