>Race and low income are inextricably linked because of racist past policies Not just racist past policies, but also racist present social dynamics. Racial bia

>Race and low income are inextricably linked because of racist past policies Not just racist past policies, but also racist present social dynamics. Racial biases affects income when people don't visit restaurants with black waitstaff [1,2], when businesses make up excuses to decline black job applicants [3,4], when doctors fail to recognize the suffering of black patients [5], when colleges provide less support to black students [6], when black people are given harsher sentences for the same crimes [7], and when in so many cases these biases (which people are usually aware of IMO, even if they say they aren't) affect people's behavior in the world of friendship and dating and ultimately percolate back into the trajectory of people's careers. For a particular example of the last point, my own programming career in San Francisco started partially because of a friendship that formed through an online video game community when I was in high school. Friendship-forming is an unassailable personal freedom, but that doesn't mean it can't mediate unfairness. People nowadays love to talk about "subconscious" racism and "persistent inequality", but this may perpetuate the false belief that volitional racial prejudices have mostly gone away -- they have not. [1] - http://moya.bus.miami.edu/~lgiuliano/customer_discrim_apr09.pdf http://moya.bus.miami.edu/~lgiuliano/customer_discrim_apr09.... [2] - https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/682332?journalCode=jole https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/682332?jou... [3] - https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/9/18/16307782/study-racism-jobs https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/9/18/16307782/study-raci... [4] - https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/minorities-who-whiten-job-resumes-get-more-interviews https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/minorities-who-whiten-job-resumes... [5] - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843483/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843483/ [6] - https://phys.org/news/2018-09-universities-black-students.html https://phys.org/news/2018-09-universities-black-students.ht... [7] - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/11/16/black-men-sentenced-to-more-time-for-committing-the-exact-same-crime-as-a-white-person-study-finds/?utm_term=.d44e3e60f114 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/11/16/black...