> I'm so skeptical whenever I read something like that. Even on small scales, deceit and conspiracy are rare. And, yet, we have the example of the Volkswagen e

> I'm so skeptical whenever I read something like that. Even on small scales, deceit and conspiracy are rare. And, yet, we have the example of the Volkswagen emissions scandal. I'm involved in the same industry, and know how little it would take to fudge the emissions test results. Yet the company was, in fact, active in a widespread conspiracy to defraud regulators and auditors. And THEN we find out that A LOT of other people and companies were doing the same thing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_emissions_scandal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_emissions_scandal. None of this particularly surprises me. It's clear the industry allowed themselves to get trampled by grandstanding politicians, who passed emissions laws that are almost too restrictive to adhere to. The only way to do it is to spend exorbitant amounts of money on aftertreatment systems. This may have been the government's goal all along, as a "voluntary carbon tax," but it's clear that the only place you can make these expensive additions to the product package is in heavy trucks; NOT in passenger cars. The longer I live, the more I attribute to malice. When you strive to correct the ignorance, but the behavior doesn't change... what are you left with?